ACA penalty and Medicare A

[FEDUKE404]

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[kathyc2]

A client, whom I will just refer to as "stubborn," absolutely refuses to pay for any medical insurance coverage.
For the past couple of years he has paid the penalty for lack of such required coverage. His choice, as they say.

Client turned 65 YOA in the spring of 2017.
He is NOT collecting Social Security benefits, and he is not (per his statement) making any standalone payments for Medicare B coverage.

But he did receive a Form 1095-B showing nine months of coverage and the notation "Medicare is sending a Form 1095-B to people who had Medicare Part A coverage for part of 2017."

Question #1: Is Medicare A (alone) coverage sufficient to abate any ACA penalty?
Question #2: How is he avoiding NOT paying Medicare B and D premiums beginning at age 65 (he is unemployed) ?
Question #3: Won't he face serious surcharges when/if he does decide to sign up for Medicare B and D ?

Apologies as this is not a pure "tax question" but the topic did arise within the last week or so.

Thanks for anyone who can clear the fog.

FE

1) Yes
2) B & D are not required
3) Yes, up to 10% surcharge on Part B for each year.